Situation 2: what director turns down a girl for being too skinny?? They must be casting Hairspray...
Situation 5: why would the sister be in the know her brother was cut from the team for poor grades but the Mom would be clueless???
In addition to the suggested resources, which include Jeffrey R. Holland's talk about kind words, "The Tongue of Angels," you might check out the family communication materials over on the Church's Provident Living site.